sábado, 1 de noviembre de 2008

Is there really a difference between a web page and a blog?



What's a blog?
Origins.
A blog is kind of an online journal. In fact the term blog comes from "Web Log". Now among people writing and working on blogs there can be an infinite debate and discussion about whether this or that is a blog.

Characteristics of a blog
Organized as a series of posts
Each post has a title and a body
The most recent post is near the top of the page
There is an RSS or similar feed
There are links to see all the posts by category
There are also links to see posts by month published


Example


What's a Web page?
Web pages are what make up the World Wide Web. These documents are written in HTML (hypertext markup language) and are translated by your Web browser. Web pages can either be static or dynamic. Static pages show the same content each time they are viewed. Dynamic pages have content that can change each time they are accessed. These pages are typically written in scripting languages such as PHP, Perl, ASP, or JSP. The scripts in the pages run functions on the server that return things like the date and time, and database information. All the information is returned as HTML code, so when the page gets to your browser, all the browser has to do is translate the HTML.Please note that a Web page is not the same thing as a Web site. A Web site is a collection of pages. A Web page is an individual HTML document.

Example







martes, 28 de octubre de 2008

Lung Cancer













*The first picture illustrates the Lungs of a Smoker and the second one of a Non-Smoker

Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in one or both lungs. These abnormal cells do not carry out the functions of normal cells and do not develop into healthy lung tissue. As they grow, the abnormal cells can form tumors and impede the function of the lung, which is to provide oxygen to the body via the blood.
The Genetic Basis of Lung Cancer
All cells in the body contain DNA. Every time a mature cell divides into two daughter cells, it replicates its DNA exactly. The daughter cells are clones of the original cell, identical in every way. It is in this way that our bodies continually replenish themselves. Old cells die off and the next generation takes their place.
A cancer begins with an error, or mutation, in a cell's DNA. DNA mutations can be caused by the normal aging process or through environmental factors, such as cigarette smoke or breathing in asbestos.
Lung Cancer Statistics
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers. It is the second most diagnosed cancer in men and women (after prostate and breast, respectively), but it is the number one cause of death from cancer each year in both men and women. Because lung cancer can take years to develop, it is mostly found in older people. The average age of a person receiving a lung cancer diagnosis is 69 years.
Overall, lung cancer affects men more than women, but that gap is closing.
Cigarette smoking is the cause of most lung cancers, but there are other factors, too. Exposure to
asbestos, radon, environmental factors, or secondhand smoke can cause lung cancer. There are often internal factors (inherited or from our genes) as well as external or environmental factors (from outside of our bodies) involved in the development of any type of cancer.
Lung Cancer Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of lung cancer can take years to develop and they may not appear until the disease is advanced.
Some symptoms of lung cancer that are in the chest:
-Intense coughing
-Pain in the chest, shoulder, or back
-A change in color or volume of sputum
-Shortness of breath
-Changes in the voice or being hoarse
-Recurrent lung problems, such as bronchitis or pneumonia
-Coughing up phlegm or mucus, especially if it is tinged with blood
-Coughing up blood
If the original lung cancer has spread, a person may feel symptoms in other places in the body. Common places for lung cancer to spread include other parts of the lungs, lymph nodes, bones, brain, liver, and adrenal glands.

Some symptoms of lung cancer that may occur elsewhere in the body:
-Loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss
-Fatigue
-Headaches, bone or joint pain
-Bone fractures not related to accidental injury
-Neurological symptoms, such as memory loss
General weakness
Types of Treatment
Surgery

Curative surgery: The removal of a tumor when it appears to be confined to one area, which means an early stage cancer. This type of surgery aims to completely remove the cancerous tumor, and may include remove a wedge, a lobe, or an entire lung.
Palliative surgery: The goal of this surgery is to make the patient more comfortable, e.g., laser surgery for the removal of an obstruction or opening of an airway.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses strong chemicals or drugs to kill cancer cells, stop their reproduction, or slow their growth.
Radiation
Radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy) may be effective for the treatment of lung cancer. It uses high-energy rays, similar to X-rays, but stronger, to kill or shrink cancer cells.

http://www.lungcancer.org/reading/about.php

AIDS


WHAT DOES "AIDS" MEAN?
AIDS
stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome:
Acquired means you can get infected with it;
Immune Deficiency means a weakness in the body's system that fights diseases.
Syndrome means a group of health problems that make up a disease.
AIDS is caused by a virus called HIV, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. If you get infected with HIV, your body will try to fight the infection. It will make "antibodies," special molecules to fight HIV.
A blood test for HIV looks for these antibodies. If you have them in your blood, it means that you have HIV infection. People who have the HIV antibodies are called "HIV-Positive."

Being HIV-positive, or having HIV disease, is not the same as having AIDS. Many people are HIV-positive but don't get sick for many years. As HIV disease continues, it slowly wears down the immune system. Viruses, parasites, fungi and bacteria that usually don't cause any problems can make you very sick if your immune system is damaged. These are called "opportunistic infections."
HOW DO YOU GET AIDS?
You don't actually "get" AIDS. You might get infected with HIV, and later you might develop AIDS. You can get infected with HIV from anyone who's infected, even if they don't look sick and even if they haven't tested HIV-positive yet. The blood, vaginal fluid, semen, and breast milk of people infected with HIV has enough of the virus in it to infect other people. Most people get the HIV virus by:
*having sex with an infected person
*sharing a needle (shooting drugs) with someone who's infected
*being born when their mother is infected, or drinking the breast milk of an infected woman
*getting a transfusion of infected blood used to be a way people got AIDS, but now the blood supply is screened very carefully and the risk is extremely low.
There are no documented cases of HIV being transmitted by tears or saliva, but it is possible to be infected with HIV through oral sex or in rare cases through deep kissing, especially if you have open sores in your mouth or bleeding gums.
WHAT HAPPENS IF I'M HIV POSITIVE?
You might not know if you get infected by HIV. Some people get fever, headache, sore muscles and joints, stomach ache, swollen lymph glands, or a skin rash for one or two weeks. Most people think it's the flu. Some people have no symptoms.
The virus will multiply in your body for a few weeks or even months before your immune system responds. During this time, you won't test positive for HIV, but you can infect other people.
When your immune system responds, it starts to make antibodies. When this happens, you will test positive for HIV.
After the first flu-like symptoms, some people with HIV stay healthy for ten years or longer. But during this time, HIV is damaging your immune system.
One way to measure the damage to your immune system is to count your
CD4 cells you have. These cells, also called "T-helper" cells, are an important part of the immune system. Healthy people have between 500 and 1,500 CD4 cells in a milliliter of blood.
Without treatment, your CD4 cell count will most likely go down. You might start having signs of HIV disease like fevers, night sweats, diarrhea, or swollen lymph nodes. If you have HIV disease, these problems will last more than a few days, and probably continue for several weeks.
HOW DO I KNOW IF I HAVE AIDS?
HIV disease becomes AIDS when your immune system is seriously damaged. If you have less than 200 CD4 cells or if your CD4 percentage is less than 14%, you have AIDS.
If you get an opportunistic infection, you have AIDS. There is an "official" list of these opportunistic infections put out by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). The most common ones are:
*PCP (Pneumocystis pneumonia), a lung infection;
*KS (Kaposi's sarcoma), a skin cancer;
*CMV (Cytomegalovirus), an infection that usually affects the eyes
*Candida, a fungal infection that can cause thrush (a white film in your mouth) or infections in your throat or vagina
AIDS-related diseases also includes serious weight loss, brain tumors, and other health problems. Without treatment, these opportunistic infections can kill you.
AIDS is different in every infected person. Some people die a few months after getting infected, while others live fairly normal lives for many years, even after they "officially" have AIDS. A few HIV-positive people stay healthy for many years even without taking antiretroviral medications (ARVs).
IS THERE A CURE FOR AIDS?
There is no cure for AIDS. There are drugs that can slow down the HIV virus, and slow down the damage to your immune system. There is no way to "clear" the HIV out of your body.
Other drugs can prevent or treat opportunistic infections (OIs). In most cases, these drugs work very well. The newer, stronger ARVs have also helped reduc
e the rates of most OIs. A few OIs, however, are still very difficult to treat.

viernes, 24 de octubre de 2008

The Cell


A cell is the smallest part of any living thing.
All cells include the following parts:
Cell Membrane - forms the outer boundary of the cell and allows only certain materials to move into or out of the cell
Cytoplasm - a gel-like material inside the cell; it contains water and nutrients for the cell
Nucleus - directs the activity of a cell; it contains chromosomes with the DNA
Nuclear Membrane - separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum - moves materials around in the cell
Ribosomes - make protein for the cell
Golgi Bodies - are used for packaging and secreting of energy
Mitochondria - break down food and release energy to the cell
Lysosomes - are chemicals used to digest waste
Vacuoles - are storage areas for the cell


lunes, 20 de octubre de 2008

The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet


The Advantages & Disadvantages of the Internet

The Internet or the World Wide Web is indeed a wonderful and amazing addition in our lives. The Internet can be known as a kind of global meeting place where people from all parts of the world can come together. It is a service available on the computer, through which everything under the sun is now at the fingertips of anyone who has access to the Internet.

To get ‘online’, meaning to connect to the Internet, you need to have:
A Computer: Computer equipment is a sizeable investment and thus you should select a computer carefully. Before buying a computer, understand your needs and then choose one accordingly. See that it comes with a warranty and that after sales service is available in case you need it.
Internet Service Provider: This is the software that you will require to get online. You can now choose from a dial-up service or 24-hour broadband services. This is the service that will help you to connect to the Internet and start your surfing experiences.

Advantages of the Internet

The Internet provides opportunities galore, and can be used for a variety of things. Some of the things that you can do via the Internet are:
E-mail: E-mail is an online correspondence system. With e-mail you can send and receive instant electronic messages, which works like writing letters. Your messages are delivered instantly to people anywhere in the world, unlike traditional mail that takes a lot of time.
Access Information: The Internet is a virtual treasure trove of information. Any kind of information on any topic under the sun is available on the Internet. The ‘search engines’ on the Internet can help you to find data on any subject that you need.
Shopping: Along with getting information on the Internet, you can also shop online. There are many online stores and sites that can be used to look for products as well as buy them using your credit card. You do not need to leave your house and can do all your shopping from the convenience of your home.
Online Chat: There are many ‘chat rooms’ on the web that can be accessed to meet new people, make new friends, as well as to stay in touch with old friends.
Downloading Software: This is one of the most happening and fun things to do via the Internet. You can download innumerable, games, music, videos, movies, and a host of other entertainment software from the Internet, most of which are free.

Disadvantages of the Internet
There are certain cons and dangers relating to the use of Internet that can be summarized as:
Personal Information: If you use the Internet, your personal information such as your name, address, etc. can be accessed by other people. If you use a credit card to shop online, then your credit card information can also be ‘stolen’ which could be akin to giving someone a blank check.
Pornography: This is a very serious issue concerning the Internet, especially when it comes to young children. There are thousands of pornographic sites on the Internet that can be easily found and can be a detriment to letting children use the Internet.
Spamming: This refers to sending unsolicited e-mails in bulk, which serve no purpose and unnecessarily clog up the entire system.

If you come across any illegal activity on the Internet, such as child pornography or even spammers, then you should report these people and their activities so that they can be controlled and other people deterred from carrying them out. Child pornography can be reported to:
*Your Internet service provider
*Local police station
*Cyber Angels (program to report cyber crime)
Such illegal activities are frustrating for all Internet users, and so instead of just ignoring it, we should make an effort to try and stop these activities so that using the Internet can become that much safer. That said, the advantages of the Internet far outweigh the disadvantages, and millions of people each day benefit from using the Internet for work and for pleasure.

martes, 7 de octubre de 2008

Organ Systems


DIGESTIVE
Role: To break down and absorb nutrients that are necessary for growth and maintainance.
Organs Involved: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, rectum, anus, liver and panchreas.
REPRODUCTIVE
Role: To manufacture cells that allow reproduction. In the male, sperms are created to inseminate egg cells produced in the female.
Organs Involved: Female: ovaries, oviducts, uterus, vagina and mammary glands.
Male: testicles, seminal vesicles and pennies.
RESPIRATORY
Role: To provide gas exchange between the blood and the environment. Oxygen is absorbed from the atmosphere into the body and carbon dioxide is expelled.
Organs Involved: Nose, trachea, the lungs, nasopharynx and larynx.
CIRCULATORY
Role: To transport nutrients, gases (such as oxygen and CO2), hormones and wastes through the body.
Organs Involved: The heart, blood, blood vessels.
LYMPHATIC
Role: To destroy and remove invading microbes and viruses from the body. The lymphatic system also removes fat and excess from the blood.
Organs Involved: Lymph (fluid), lymph nodes and vessels, white blood cells, T- and B-cells.
EXCRETORY
Role: To filter out cellular wastes, toxins, and excess water or nutrients from the circulatory system.
Organs Involved: Kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra, skin.
NERVOUS
Role: To relay electrical signals through the body. It directs behavior and movement and, along with the endocrine system, control psychological processes such as digestion, circulation, etc..
Organs Involved: Brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.
MUSCULAR
Role: To provide movement. Muscles work in pairs to move limbs and provide the organism with mobility. Muscles also control the movement of materials through some organs.
Organs Involved: stomach and intestine, and the heart and circulatory system.
Skeletal muscles and smooth muscles throughout the body.
SKELETAL
Role: To protect the muscles and organs, to provide support for the body and attachment sites for the organs.
Organs Involved:Bones, tendons, ligaments and cartilage.
ENCOCRINE
Role: To produce hormones that regulate the body's growth, metabolism, and sexual development and function. The hormones are released into the bloodstream and transported to tissues and organs throughout the body.
Organs Involved: Ovaries and Testicles, Pancreas, Parathyroid glands, Pineal body, Pituitary Gland, Thymus Gland, Thyroid Gland, Adrenal Glands, Hypothalamus.